INTRODUCTION
The
Cold War was a period of
geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union
with its satellite states (the Eastern Bloc),
and the United States with its allies (the Western Bloc)
after World War II. A common historiography of the conflict
begins between 1946, the year U.S. diplomat George F. Kennan's
"Long Telegram"
from Moscow
cemented a U.S. foreign policy
of containment of Soviet expansionism
threatening strategically vital regions, and the Truman Doctrine
of 1947, and ending between the Revolutions of 1989, which ended communism
in Eastern Europe, and the 1991 collapse of the USSR,
when nations of the Soviet Union abolished communism and restored their
independence. The term "cold" is used because there was no
large-scale fighting directly between the two sides, but they each supported
major regional conflicts known as proxy wars.
The conflict split the temporary wartime alliance against Nazi Germany
and its allies, leaving the USSR and the US as two superpowers
with profound economic and political differences.
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